By Augustin
A captivating news story
Recently, I came across a captivating news story that shed light on the intersection of urban development and the fading out of traditional mat-weaving art.
It struck me as a poignant reminder of how modern progress can sometimes erode centuries-old cultural practices and endanger the livelihoods of communities deeply rooted in their heritage.
The story highlighted the Mangrove fan palm, locally known as Ph’av, which thrives beneath the tropical sun in Southeast Asia.
This remarkable palm has been cherished by Cambodian families for generations due to its nutritional value and its important role in traditional Khmer medicine.
Not only does it provide sustenance with its nutritious heart and terminal bud, but it also possesses medicinal properties, soothing fevers, supporting prenatal health, and even serving as a remedy for tuberculosis.
In Siem Reap’s historic Angkor Thom district, nestled among the remnants of ancient temples, the art of weaving Ph’av mats has been upheld by around 400 families in the three villages of Leang Dai commune.
This age-old tradition passed down from ancestors has stood the test of time, preserving the cultural identity of these communities amidst the ever-changing modern world.
However, as I delved deeper into the story, I discovered a troubling undercurrent. The once abundant mangrove fan palms that were once plentiful in Siem Reap are now increasingly scarce in the province.
The encroachment of urban development has gradually diminished the availability of the palm, as forests are cleared to make way for buildings and infrastructure. This poses a significant threat to the art of Ph’av mat weaving, as the survival of the palms is inextricably linked to the existence of forests.
The fading away of an invaluable tradition with time
The mat weavers, like Nam Vern, a 68-year-old resident of Ta Prok village, expressed their concerns about the future of their craft. They lamented the lack of interest and patience among the younger generation, fearing that their invaluable tradition may fade away with time. Learning intricate techniques and dedicating the required time to create these exquisite mats demand unwavering patience, skill, and dedication.
Despite the challenges they face, the mat weavers persevere, and some have even embraced modern platforms like Facebook to sell their Ph’av mats. Yet, the fluctuating prices of the mats reflect the dwindling availability of the palm, amplifying the urgency to address the pressing issue of preserving this cultural heritage.
Local leaders, such as Leang Dai commune chief Koeun Kerb, acknowledge the crucial role that Ph’av mat weaving plays in improving the villagers’ living conditions.
However, they also emphasize that the diminishing number of mangrove fan palms poses an imminent threat to the sustainability of this age-old craft.
Experts, including Tea Kim Soth, the director of the Siem Reap provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, echo these concerns. They point out that the gradual disappearance of Ph’av-rich areas due to urban development exacerbates the decline in the availability of the palm.
While some substitute palm varieties can be used in areas where Ph’av is scarce, they fail to match the quality and unique characteristics of Ph’av mats.
This captivating news story serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between progress and preservation.
It raises questions about the responsibility we bear in safeguarding cultural traditions that hold immense value for communities and contribute to the rich tapestry of our global heritage.
It is a call to action to find sustainable solutions that protect the mangrove fan palm and support the continuation of the art of Ph’av mat weaving, ensuring that future generations can still marvel at the beauty of these intricately crafted mats and the stories they carry.
The art of traditional mat weaving
Mat weaving is a craft enjoyed by many people worldwide. It has a long history and is passed down through generations. Different regions have their own special ways of making mats using different materials.
In Asia, countries like India, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Indonesia are famous for their intricate mats made from reeds, bamboo, jute, and seagrass. Skilled artisans use traditional methods to create beautiful designs.
In Africa, countries such as Ghana, Senegal, and Kenya have vibrant traditions of mat weaving. They use materials like sisal, raffia, and palm leaves to make mats for sitting and sleeping. These mats reflect the cultural heritage of the communities.
In the Pacific Islands, like Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, mat weaving is important for cultural ceremonies and gatherings. People weave mats from pandanus leaves in complex patterns to show hospitality and respect.
In the Americas, indigenous tribes like the Navajo, Hopi, and Cherokee weave mats and rugs using wool and natural dyes. These mats have symbolic patterns that represent their cultural heritage.
Myanmar’s traditional mat market
In Myanmar, there is a town called Pantanaw that holds significant importance in the realm of traditional mat weaving. Pantanaw Township is a place in Ayeyawady Region. It used to be called Pan Kya Naw because a pagoda was built there when Princess Ohmar Danti accidentally dropped her flower from her head while running away from the princes.
Traditional mats are widely cherished and sought after as one of the most beloved consumer goods in the country. These mats are skillfully crafted by local artisans who have inherited the traditional weaving techniques passed down through generations.
The mats produced in Pantanaw are not only renowned within the town but are also distributed and sold throughout the country, gaining popularity and admiration from both locals and visitors alike.
The intricate designs, vibrant colours, and durable nature of these traditional mats make them highly desirable for various purposes, including home decor, seating mats, and ceremonial uses. The mat weaving industry in Pantanaw not only provides a means of livelihood for the artisans but also contributes to the preservation and promotion of Myanmar’s cultural traditions.
In the southern region of Myanmar, there are several townships known for their traditional mat-weaving businesses. These townships include Pantanaw, Danubyu, Laymyethna, and Hinthada. Even now, Maubin Township continues to produce traditional mats. Additionally, in Taninthayi Region, within Taninthayi Township, located in the Myeik District, the traditional mat business is a significant occupation for the local community.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional mat-weaving businesses in our country have faced challenges. Business owners have noticed a decline in sales and slower business activity.
The pandemic has caused difficulties for traditional businesses worldwide. They have struggled to acquire the necessary materials for making their products, and customers have found it challenging to make purchases.
The attempt by businesses to sell their products online
Many businesses that rely on in-person shopping have experienced a decrease in sales because people are unable to go out as often. Some businesses have attempted to sell their products online, but they have faced obstacles in adapting to this new method of selling.
Additionally, businesses that depend on tourism have suffered due to reduced travel. Governments and organizations are offering financial assistance and support to these businesses, encouraging them to explore alternative avenues such as online sales. Despite the ongoing challenges, traditional businesses are persevering and seeking innovative solutions to sustain their operations.
The pandemic disrupted supply chains and reduced customer demand, impacting traditional businesses heavily reliant on in-person transactions. Artisans and weavers faced financial hardships and had to adapt to online platforms. To ensure sustainability, support from governments, organizations, and communities is crucial. Financial aid, grants, and initiatives promoting online presence have helped preserve and promote traditional mat weaving.
Raising awareness about the cultural value of traditional mats is essential. Collaborations between artisans and designers can infuse modern elements while preserving traditions. Sustainable practices require consumer participation. By appreciating and purchasing traditional mats, individuals contribute to preserving cultural heritage.
The sustainability of traditional mat weaving relies on the collective efforts of artisans, communities, governments, organizations, and consumers. By recognizing and supporting these crafts, we can ensure their longevity, celebrate their beauty, and honour the stories woven into our societies.
